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Was the Speed of Gravity Successfully Measured?

ABSTRACT: This paper shows mathematically and experimentally why it is highly unlikely that the speed of gravity was successfully measured....

Saturday, September 16, 2017

Gravity is Weak Because of Light Speed

According to the above video, gravity lives outside our universe in a higher dimension or parallel universe. It then leaks into our universe. By the time it gets to us, it has a weak signal. However, using extra dimensions and universes to explain what we don't understand only increases the overall mystery. It also increases the burden of proof of the scientists who postulate such a hypothesis. Surely higher dimensions and parallel universes are more poorly understood than the gravity we can actually observe and measure. For these reasons, they make a poor hypothesis.

Today we are going to explain the weakness of gravity using what we already know. First we define the variables we will be using:

Time for a thought experiment. Imagine a cubic section of our universe. Divide this cube into two halves: A and B. A and B contain a vacuum with a few photons whizzing around with momentum p. A and B each have fairly equal numbers of these photons.

From another part of our universe we take mass m and add it to section B:

At equation 1 above we add section B's momentum and mass energies. It's obvious that A's total energy is less than section B's (see inequality 2 below):

Now, look what happens when we divide both sides by p^2:

Number 3 above is an absurdity. How can light speed (c^2) be less than another speed? According to Einstein, light speed is the maximum speed limit in our universe. Maxwell showed mathematically that light is an electromagnetic wave. The speed of light is a function of the permittivity and permeability of free space. Since these values are constant, light speed is also constant in a vacuum.

To date, no particles have been discovered that can exceed the speed of light. But is light speed really the top speed? The inequality at 3 suggests otherwise. Here's why we currently believe nothing goes faster than light in a vacuum. Below is a Minkowski-ish spacetime diagram.

Velocity vector A is at rest; it is moving through time (t'), so its velocity is zero (see equation 3b). B is moving through both time and space, so its velocity is greater than zero (see 3c). C is moving through space only. It's proper time (t') is zero and its velocity ... are you ready for this? ... is infinite (see 3d).

Of course this infinite speed is from the photon's point of view. We calculate what an observer sees at 3e above. At 3f, we assert that light speed is infinite speed if proper time is used. Can't beat infinity, therefore light speed is the top speed.

Since light speed is the top speed, the inequality at 3 is wrong. Equation 4 below makes better sense:

Notice we simply included a reduction factor of epsilon^2. What can we learn from this? We learn that the full energy of section B does not come into play. It is weakened by the fact that nothing can go faster than light. To restore equilibrium completely, let's multiply the left side by a time-dilation ratio. (To see how this ratio was derived, click here.)

From equation 5 we can derive equation 7 below (Newtonian gravity). Equation 9 reveals the nature of the reduction factor.

Equation 9 tells us that gravity is weak due to time dilation and the ratio of section A momentum to section B momentum. In particular, gravity is weak because momentum p is weak. Why is p so weak? It's the momentum you find in the vacuum of space (with a few photons thrown in). Where there is low vacuum energy there is weak gravity.

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